Collaborative robots typically consist of integrated joint modules, robotic arms, end effectors, sensor systems, controllers, and human-machine interface units. Their core strength lies in modular design and safe integration.
Unlike traditional industrial robots, which are often confined in cages, collaborative robots (Cobots) are designed from the outset with human-robot collaboration as their guiding principle, emphasizing safety, flexibility, and ease of use. The following is a detailed analysis of their main components:
Integrated Joint Module: The Core of the Robot's "Joints" The collaborative robot's motion capability originates from multiple highly integrated joints. Each joint integrates the following key components:
Hollow Servo Motor: Provides power output; the hollow design facilitates cable routing and simplifies wiring.
Harmonic Reducer: Offers a high reduction ratio and low backlash, ensuring smooth movement and precise positioning.
Absolute Encoder: Provides real-time position feedback, supports power-off memory, and improves restart accuracy.
Torque Sensor: Embedded inside the joint, enabling force control and collision detection, ensuring safe human-robot interaction.
Robotic Arm Structure: Balancing Lightweight and Flexibility Many are constructed using lightweight alloy materials (such as aluminum alloy) to reduce weight and improve safety.
Dual-arm models (such as the ABB YuMi) mimic the layout of a human arm, suitable for precision assembly tasks.
Some innovative designs, such as the Yuandian Intelligent N1, employ a heterogeneous robotic arm structure, with the left arm responsible for gripping and the right arm acting as a dexterous arm to perform complex operations such as twisting and grasping, simulating the division of labor between the human left and right hands.
